  
              PLATE 18, right side 
              click on picture for life size copy 
              of entire plate  
              
                  "On the right hand side of the page stands a curly-haired 
              horse, who has feathers attached to its mane. The riderless horse 
              awaits the return of his two-legged owner, who has been transformed 
              into the powerful Elk Dreamer or sacred elk." 
               
               
                
                
              plate 36, left side 
              click on picture for life size copy 
              of entire plate  
              
                  Black Hawk did a sequence of 
              drawings showing pairs of warriors - each plate shows one Crow warrior 
              in regalia, and one Lakota warrior in regalia. His reason for doing 
              so is not understood since anything apart from battles between them 
              are quite uncommon in Lakota art due to "...the fact that 
              the Crow and the Lakota were traditional enemies... [Much more common 
              is the recording of ongoing warfare with the Crow.] The meaning 
              of these images is hard to decipher. Could they have been part of 
              his dream or vision? In his vision, did a finely dressed Crow enemy 
              bring Black Hawk a masked horse for his horse ceremony? Did this 
              relate in some fashion to his vision of Thunder Beings (in whose 
              honor horse dances are held)?113 Or do these drawings 
              chronicle an event or ceremony that Black Hawk witnessed ...during 
              one of the infrequent pacts of peace between the Crow and the Lakota, 
              or is the artist fascinated with the customs of the enemy for other 
              reasons? Although we don't know the precise origin of Black Hawk's 
              specialized knowledge of these foreign customs, or exactly what 
              is being conveyed in this remarkable sequence of drawings, he certainly 
              provides a vivid picture of nineteenth-century Crow Ceremonialism. 
                    "In two of these drawings, the mounted Crow 
              are paired with Lakota pipe-bearers (plates 37, 38) who resemble 
              headmen. Of these Lakota-Crow pairs, plate 37 is particularly intriguing, 
              for the mounted Crow in ceremonial dress seems to lead an unusual 
              horse to the Lakota pipe bearer. The horse wears a buffalo mask, 
              suggesting a relationship to Thunder Beings. 
                
               
              PLATE 37, right side 
              click on picture for life size copy 
              of entire plate  
              
               
               
                
              ©2000 CrowCountryCurlyHorses 
              *Dos Estrellas, a bay roan Curly Horse mare. 
              Her bloodlines trace to WY and NV wild curlies, and MFT. 
              
             
              
                    "The coats of both this horse, and the one 
              in plate 36, left, are different from the smooth-coated horses Black 
              Hawk usually draws. Repeating hatch marks in black or red ink suggest 
              that a wiry- or curly-haired horse is being represented. Several 
              winter counts record that at the beginning of the nineteenth century, 
              the Sioux either captured curly-haired horses from their Crow enemies 
              or caught wild ones on the prairie.111 A warrior named 
              Young Eagle recalled, "these horses were raised by the Indians as 
              far back as anyone can remember. Most of them were dark in color 
              with hair 'singed.' Hence their name, which is Sung-gu-gu-la, 
              literally 'horses with burnt hair.' " 
                    "Is Black Hawk recording an instance of a Sung-gu-gu-la 
              being presented to a Lakota by a Crow? In traditional Lakota life, 
              pictures like this would be shown when men recounted the events 
              of the past. Each picture, with its richly evocative details, would 
              give weight and credence to men's recollections." 
               
               
                
               
              PLATE 43, cropped 
              click on picture for life size copy 
              of entire plate  
              
                    "Black Hawk depicts many fine Lakota horses. 
              He has taken exceptional care in drawing the portrait of one particular 
              horse (plates 43, 47). This may be a horse with long, curly hair; 
              or the artist may be trying to depict the intermixed dark and light 
              hairs of a roan (the chestnut red coat with white hairs in it). 
                
               
              PLATE 47, cropped 
              click on picture for life size copy of entire plate 
             
              
              This horse may have been considered particularly handsome, with 
              four white stockings evenly matched, a rare occurrence.124 
              The horse has a white blaze on her face; she also appears in a simple 
              portrait study, where her tail hangs loose, and her mane is decorated 
              with feathers to honor her prowess in war (plate 18)." 
               
               
                
               
              ©1998 Sorrel 
              *CCC Seekers Foxtail, a *Bad Warrior 
              bloodline Curly Horse mare. 
              The *Bad Warrior bloodline traces directly back to Sitting Bull's 
              horses.  
              
              NOTES: 
               
              "111. See Howard, The British Museum Winter Count, 
              p. 22; for a discussion of the varied recountings of this event 
              within different winter counts see pp. 21-22. Depending on the winter 
              count, the year for this event ranges from 1801-4." 
               
              "113. The Crow had a Horse Dance that Lowie characterized 
              as a "minor ceremony." Unlike the complex pageantry of the Lakota 
              Horse Dance, which commemorated a vision of Thunder Beings, the 
              Crow Horse Dance seemed to be principally a rite for restoring exhausted 
              horses to full vigor, or for providing more horses to the tribe. 
              See Lowie, Minor Ceremonies of the Crow Indians, pp. 329-34." 
               
              "124. Personal communication from equestrienne India 
              Frank, December 1999. Horse breeder India Frank suggests that the 
              white stockings indicate a genetic basis for the identification 
              of this as a roan horse, which is characterized by a coat of intermixed 
              red and white hair. In two other drawings Black Hawk shows similar 
              horses. In plate 36 (left), a Crow warrior seems to be riding the 
              same horse. Did he capture it in a horse-stealing raid? In plate 
              37, a Crow warrior leads a roan horse horse wearing a buffalo mask. 
              Here, its coat is indicated by strokes of pink ink." 
               
              Lakota Winter 
              Counts Online Exhibit, this website displays & explains 
              more about how the Lakota marked the passage of time by drawing 
              pictures of memorable events on calendars known as winter counts.  
              
               
                
               
               
               
                
              ©2002 Sorrel 
              *CCC Warriors Perfectn, another 
              *Bad Warrior bloodline Curly Horse mare. 
              The *Bad Warrior bloodline traces directly back to Sitting Bull's 
              horses.  
              
               
              My private musings:  [India Frank 
              would actually be referring to the sabino pinto gene, not the true 
              roan gene. "Roan" sabino horses are also characterized by sharp 
              jagged edged socks, white lower lips & chin, and frequently 
              spots on belly or lower rib area. The sabino pinto gene occurs much 
              more frequently in red based horses, than it does in black (& 
              bay) based horses]. 
               
              Perhaps the Winter Counts are not just marking a year that 
              Curlies were stolen from the Crow by the Sioux, or caught on the 
              plains... Perhaps Black Hawk's unexplained drawings of pairs of 
              Lakota and Crow warriors, with the the Crow warrior apparently gifting 
              the Lakota warrior with a Curly Horse, was actually the same memorable 
              & significant event that the Winter Counts depict. Maybe Black 
              Hawk did drawings of this remarkable event, to commemorate it in 
              detail? 
                
               
                          
                
               
                
             Plains 
              Indian Winter Counts 
              Blue Thunder Variants (High Dog, Swift Dog, No Two Horns, etc.) 
              picture the winter of 1801-02 
              with a Curly Horse being exchanged between, or (taken) from, Crow 
              to Sioux 
              Winter Count in Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, 
              Michigan 
             
             
                
            Curly 
              Horses in the Battle of the Little Bighorn 
               
                
             
            
              
                 
                  |  The scan above is from the 
                    Time Life book series - it is the picture that is cited in 
                    Myth & Mystery; and it is actually drawn by Red 
                    Horse, not Red Cloud as mistakenly stated in Myth & Mystery. 
                    It is a drawing of a Lakota warrior riding off from the Little 
                    Big Horn battle with the Army's captured horses. The Curly 
                    is ridden by the Sioux. The horse in front of him is a captured 
                    Army horse. You can see the Sioux Curly has the Indian style 
                    war bridle made of rawhide. And again here is what looks like a blaze-faced curly with 4 white 
                  stockings... | 
                 
               
            
              
            General 
              George Cook, an Army Officer, stated that the Sioux 
              were the greatest light Cavalry the world has ever known. 
              
              
             
             
               
              Date: Saturday, July 23, 2005 8:17 AM 
              Email To: SiouxCurlies@yahoogroups.com 
              From: Rod Vaughn, of Diamond Willow Ministries 
               
              Hello,  
               
              This is an email that my friend Sheldon forwarded to me a few days 
              ago. Sheldon is a member of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe (that reservation 
              is just across the Missouri River from where we live on the Crow 
              Creek Sioux Reservation). Sheldon is also a direct descendant of 
              Meriwether (sp?) Lewis of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. Lewis 
              fathered a son from a Lower Brule Sioux woman here on his way upriver 
              in 1804. (Just a little L&C history for those of you interested.) 
               
               
              He is very interested, as are many here, about the Curly horses. 
              It is exciting to see the interest among those on the reservations 
              here growing. We are very saddened by the loss of the foal last 
              weekend but remain encouraged by the support we get from all of 
              you and by the interest we are getting from those here that knew 
              these Curlies for centuries. There are better days ahead.  
               
              Rod 
              Diamond Willow Ministries, 
              Crow Creek Sioux Reservation, Fort Thompson, SD 
              Office: (605) 245-2685 
              e-mail - info@d-w-m.org 
               
              --------------------- 
              
                          Rod, 
               
              Note the two references that talk about curly haired horses. I thought 
            it was intresting. These are from winter counts.  
               
              Sheldon 
               
              Note: forwarded message attached: 
               
               
              Wintercount Creator: Battiste Good 
              Year: 931 - 1000 
              English Year:  
              Lakota Year:  
              Notes: From the time the man represented in [a previous image] was 
              seventy years of age, i.e., from the year 931, time is counted by 
              cycles of seventy years until 1700.This figure illustrates the manner 
              of killing buffalo before and after the appearance of The-Woman.When 
              the Dakotas had found the buffalo, they moved to the herd and corralled 
              it by spreading their camps around it.The Man-Who-Dreamed-of-a-Wolf, 
              seen at the upper part of the circle, with bow and arrow in hand, 
              then shot the chief bull of the herd with his medicine or sacred 
              arrow; at this, the women all cried out with joy, "He has killed 
                  the chief bull!" On hearing them shout the man with bow and arrow 
                  on the opposite side, the Thunder-Bird (wakinyan, accurately translated 
              "the flying one") shot a buffalo cow, and the women again shouted 
                  with joy.Then all the men began to shout, and they killed as many 
                  as they wished.The buffalo heads and the blood-stained tracks show 
                  what large numbers were killed. They cut off the head of the chief 
                  bull, and laid the pipe beside it until their work was done. They 
                  prayed to The-Woman to bless and help them as they were following 
                  her teachings.Having no iron or knives, they used sharp stones, 
                  and mussel shells, to skin and cut up the buffalo.They rubbed blood 
                  in the hides to soften and tan them.They had no horses, and had 
                  to pack everything on their own backs.The cyclic characters that 
                  embrace the period from 1001 to 1140 illustrate nothing of interest 
                  not before presented. Slight distinction appears in the circles 
                  so that they can be identified, but without enough significance 
                  to merit reproduction (Mallery 1893:291-92). 
               
               
              Wintercount Creator: Battiste Good 
              Year: 1141 - 1210 
              English Year:  
              Lakota Year:  
              Notes: Among a herd of buffalo, surrounded at one time during this 
              period, were some horses.The people all cried out, "there are big 
                  dogs with them," having never seen horses before, hence the name 
                  for horse, sunka (dog) tanka (big), or sunka (dog) wakan (wonderful 
                  or mysterious). After killing all the buffalo they said "let us 
                  try and catch the big dogs;" so they cut a thong out of a hide with 
                  a sharp stone and with it caught eight, breaking the leg of one 
                  of them. All these years they used sharpened deer horn for awls, 
                  bone for needles, and made their lodges without the help of iron 
                  tools. {All other Dakota traditions yet reported in regard to the 
                  first capture of horses, place this important event at a much later 
                  period and long after horses were brought to America by the Spaniards. 
                  See this count for the year 1802-03, and also Lone Dog's Winter 
                  Count for the same year.} (Mallery 1893:292) 
               
               
              Wintercount Creator: Battiste Good 
              Year: 1631 - 1700 
              English Year:  
              Lakota Year:  
              Notes: This represents the first killing of buffalo on horseback. 
              It was done in the year 1700, inside the circle of lodges pitched 
              around the herd, by a man who was tied on a horse with thongs and 
              who received the name of Hunts-inside-the-lodges.They had but one 
              horse then, and they kept him a long time. Again the bundle of count-sticks 
              is in the recorder's hands. This is the end of the obviously mythic 
              part of the record, in which Battiste has made some historic errors. 
              From this time forth each year is distinguished by a name, the explanation 
              of which is in the realm of fact. It must be again noted that when 
              colors are referred to in the description of the text figures, the 
              language (translated) used by Battiste is retained for the purpose 
              of showing the coloration of the original and his interpretation 
              of the colors, which are to be imagined, as they can not be reproduced 
              by the process used (Mallery 1893:293). 
               
               
              Wintercount Creator: Battiste Good 
              Year: 1762 - 1763 
              English Year: People were burnt winter. 
              Lakota Year:  
              Notes: They were living somewhere east of their present country 
              when a prairie fire destroyed their entire village. Many of their 
              children and a man and his wife, who were on foot some distance 
              away from the village, were burned to death, as also were many of 
              their horses. All the people that could get to a long lake, which 
              was near by, saved themselves by jumping into it. Many of these 
              were badly burned about the thighs and legs, and this circumstance 
              gave rise to the name Sican-zhu, burnt thigh (or simply burnt as 
              translated Brule by the French), by which they have since been known, 
              and also to the gesture sign, as follows: "Rub the upper and outer 
                  part of the right thigh in a small circle with the open right hand, 
                  fingers pointing downward" (Mallery 1893:304-305). This is the only 
                  winter count to give such an explanation for how the Sicangu/Brule 
                  acquired their tribal name. 
                
               
              1804
             
              
              Wintercount Creator: Battiste Good 
              Year: 1803 - 1804 
              English Year: Brought home Pawnee horses with their hair rough and 
              curly winter. 
              Lakota Year: 
              Notes: The curly hair is indicated by the curved marks. Lone Dog's 
              Winter Count for the same year records the same incident, but states 
              that the curly horses were stolen from the Crows (Mallery 1893:314). 
              Many counts mark this year as when they acquired curly haired horses; 
              see Rosebud, Flame, Lone Dog, Major Bush, and Swan, as well as Long 
              Soldier (1801-02) and No Ears (1804-05). White Cow Killer calls 
              this year "Plenty of woolly horses winter" (Corbusier 1886:134). 
             
              
            	           
              Wintercount 
            Creator: Lone Dog 
              Year: 1803 - 1804 
              English Year: They stole some "curly horses" from the Crows. 
              Lakota Year:  
              Notes: Some of these horses are still on the plains, the hair growing 
              in closely curling tufts.The device is a horse with black marks 
              for the tufts. The Crows are known to have been early in the possession 
              of horses (Mallery 1893:273). 
              White Cow Killer calls it "Plenty-of-woolly-horses winter" (Corbusier 
                  1886:134). Many counts mark this as the year when they acquired 
                  curly haired horses; see Rosebud, Good, Flame, Major Bush, and Swan. 
                  See also Long Soldier (1801-02) and No Ears (1804-05). 
             
              
            Blue Thunder winter count; Shan Thomas, Myth & Mystery 
              
            High Dog winter count; Shan Thomas, Myth & Mystery              
               
              Wintercount Creator: American Horse 
              Year: 1805 - 1806 
              English Year: The Dakotas had a council with the whites on the Missouri 
              River, below the Cheyenne Agency. 
              Lakota Year:  
               
              Notes: They had many flags, which the Good-White-Man gave them with 
              their guns, and they erected them on poles to show their friendly 
              feelings. The curved line is to represent the council lodge, which 
              they made by opening several tipis and uniting them at their sides 
              to form a semicircle. The marks are for the people. American Horse's 
              father was born this year (Corbusier 1886:134). 
              As noted by Corbusier, this may have been a meeting with the Lewis 
              and Clark Expedition. White Cow Killer notes the year 1790-91 as "All-the-Indians-see-the-flag winter," while Cloud Shield calls 
                    1807-08 the year when "many people camped together and had many 
                    flags flying" (Corbusier 1886:132-33, 135). 
              
             
               
              Crow Country 
              Curly Horses, Sharpshooter Ridge, Custer Battlefield 
                    The Crow Country Curly Horse main breeding 
              herd roams a leased pasture 
            on the famous Little Big Horn Battlefield in 2004. 
             
              In 2001 I had the good fortune of meeting Rod & Valerie Vaughn 
              when they came to visit me on the Crow Reservation. They had received 
              a Berndt mare as a donation to the Diamond Willow Minstry on 
              the Crow Creek Reservation in South Dakota. They became interested 
              in finding out more about the buffalo horses, and were looking at 
              stallions in the region. They were very interested in preserving 
              these old Native American Curly Horses, but they had very little 
              funding. They were offered several more Curly Horses, but they were 
              not Warrior or Berndt bloodline curlies. Therefore, they had to 
              decide whether to worry about breeding just Curly Horses, or whether 
              to preserve this line in its purest remnant state... We discussed 
              a lot of perspectives during a very enjoyable conversation. 
              
           |